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.Conversely, invasive, or infiltrating, breastfor quite some time.Helpful characteristics in evaluatingcancers have extended into the surrounding breast tissue,palpable breast masses are described in Box 6-1.with the potential to metastasize.Many researchers believethat most invasive cancers probably originate as non-invasive cancers (Weaver, 2002).BOX 6-1By far the most common breast cancer is invasive duc-CHARACTERISTICS OF BENIGN VS.MALIGNANTtal carcinoma, which represents 70% to 80% of all casesBREAST MASSES(Makhoul et al., 2004).Carcinoma is a malignant tumorthat occurs in epithelial tissue; it tends to infiltrate and give" Benign breast masses are described as:rise to metastases.The incidence of this cancer peaks in" Frequently painful"the sixth decade of life (>60 years old) and spreads rapidly" Firm, rubbery mass"to axillary and other lymph nodes, even while small." Bilateral masses"Infiltrating ductal carcinoma may take various histo-" Induced nipple discharge"logic forms well differentiated and slow-growing, poorly" Regular margins (clearly delineated)"differentiated and infiltrating, or highly malignant and" No skin dimpling"undifferentiated with numerous metastases.This com-" No nipple retraction"mon type of breast cancer starts in the ducts, breaks" Mobile, not affixed to the chest wall"through the duct wall, and invades the fatty breast tissue" No bloody discharge"" Malignant breast masses are described as: (Penny, 2002)." Hard to palpation"Invasive lobular carcinomas, which originate in the" Painless"terminal lobular units of breast ducts, account for 10% to" Irregularly shaped (poorly delineated)"15% of all cases of breast cancer.The tumor is frequently" Immobile, fixed to the chest wall"located in the upper outer quadrant of the breast, and" Skin dimpling"by the time it is discovered the prognosis is usually poor" Nipple retraction"(Youngkin & Davis, 2004).Other invasive types of can-" Unilateral mass"cer include tubular carcinoma (29%), which is fairly" Bloody, serosanguineous, or serous nipple discharge"uncommon and typically occurs in women aged 55 and" Spontaneous nipple discharge"older.Colloid carcinoma (2% to 4%) occurs in women60 to 70 years of age and is characterized by the presenceModified from Makhoul, I., Makhoul, H., Harvey, H., & Souba, W.(2004).Breast Cancer.EMedicine.[Online] Available at: http://www.of large pools of mucus interspersed with small islands ofemedicine.com/MED/topic2808.htm; and American Cancer Societytumor cells.Medullary carcinoma accounts for 5% to(ACS).(2004).Screening guidelines for the early detection of cancer7% of malignant breast tumors; it occurs frequently inin asymptomatic people.Cancer prevention & early detection facts &figures 2004, (p.31).Atlanta, GA: Author.younger women ( [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]